Globalization, deglobalization and reglobalization: adapting liberal international order

Abstract Liberalism has been the most successful political ideology during past two centuries in withstanding challenges and adapting to new environments. The liberal international order, set up after Second World War strengthened at end of Cold War, is going through a series crises, propelled by deglobalization pressures, rise illiberal populist leaders, all challenging three pillars order: democracy, economic interdependence institutions. Two critical reasons for decline order are internal terms income distribution institutional malaise. article argues that demise not inevitable provided states take remedial measures adapt environment as they did 1919, 1930s, second half 1940s, 1960s 1991. Reformed globalization, or re-globalization essential facing geopolitical emanating from China other states. inability systems offer both prosperity freedom can provide its main attractiveness. connection between reforms address deepening inequalities wealth distribution, by-product intensified prospects order's success highlighted. need refined welfare state taking into account realities tackle proposed.